GATE Syllabus for Textile Engineering and Fibre Science
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and
differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences
and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.
Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.
Diferential Equations: Linear and non-linear
first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients;
Cauchy's and Euler's equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs - Laplace,
heat and wave equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median,
mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and
binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and
non-linear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and
Simpson's rule; single and multi-step methods for differential
equations
TEXTILE ENGINEERING AND FIBRE SCIENCE
Textile Fibres: Classification of textile
fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross and
fine structure of natural fibres like cotton, wool and silk.
Introduction to important bast fibres; properties and uses of natural
and man-made fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend
identification and blend analysis.
Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline
phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting,
factors affecting Tg and Tm; Process of viscose and acetate
preparation. Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene
terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt Spinning
processes, characteristic features of PET, polyamide and polypropylene
spinning; wet and dry spinning of viscose and acrylic fibres; post
spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top
conversion and different texturing methods.
Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g.,
Density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron
microscopy, I.R. absorption, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA);
structure and morphology of man-made fibres, mechanical properties of
fibres, moisture sorption in fibres; fibre structure and property
correlation.
Yarn manufacture and yarn structure & properties:
Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of fibrous
materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipments;
the technology of carding, carding of cotton and synthetic fibres;
Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting principle, causes of mass
irregularity introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in drafting
systems; principles of cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and
function, combing efficiency, lap preparation; recent developments in
comber; Roving production, mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist;
Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on yarn and traveler; ring
& traveler designs; mechanism of cop formation, causes of end
breakages; working principle of ring doubler and two for one twister,
single and folded yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of
core spun yarn, compact spinning, principle of non conventional methods
of yarn production such as rotor spinning, air jet spinning, wrap
spinning, twist less spinning and friction spinning.
Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume
& packing coefficient; twist strength relationship in spun yarns;
fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; cause of fibre migration
and its estimation, irregularity index, properties of ring, rotor and
air-jet yarns.
Fabric manufacture and Fabric Structure:
Principles of cheese and cone winding processes and machines; random
and precision winding; package faults and their remedies; yarn clearers
and tensioners; different systems of yarn splicing; features of modern
cone winding machines; different types of warping creels; features of
modern beam and sectional warping machines; different sizing systems,
sizing of spun and filament yarns, modern sizing machines; principles
of pirn winding processes and machines; primary and secondary motions
of loom, effect of their settings and timings on fabric formation,
fabric appearance and weaving performance; dobby and jacquard shedding;
mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; warp and weft stop motions,
warp protection, weft replenishment; functional principles of weft
insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines, principles of
multiphase and circular looms.
Principles of weft and warp knitting; basic weft and
warp knitted structures. Classification, production and areas of
application of nonwoven fabrics. Basic woven fabric constructions and
their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth
constructions. Peirce's equations for fabric geometry; elastica model
of plain woven fabrics; thickness, cover and maximum sett of woven
fabrics.
Textile Testing: Sampling techniques, sample
size and sampling errors. Measurement of fibre length, fineness, crimp,
strength and reflectance; measurement of cotton fibre maturity and
trash content; HVI and AFIS for fibre testing. Measurement of yarn
count, twist and hairiness; tensile testing of fibres, yarns and
fabrics; evenness testing of slivers, rovings and yarns; testing
equipment for measurement test methods of fabric properties like
thickness, compressibility, air permeability, drape, crease recovery,
tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion resistance. FAST and
Kawabata instruments and systems for objective fabric evaluation.
Statistical data analysis of experimental results. Correlation
analysis, significance tests and analysis of variance; frequency
distributions and control charts.
Preparatory Processes: Chemistry and practice
of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk. Mercerization of
cotton. Preparatory processes for nylon, polyester and acrylic and
polyester/cotton blends.
Dyeing: Classification of dyes. Dyeing of
cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate dye
classes. Dyeing polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends. Batchwise
and continuous dyeing machines. Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and
machines used. Dye fibre interaction. Introduction to thermodynamics
and kinetics of dyeing. Methods for determination of wash, light and
rubbing fastness. Evaluation of fastness properties with the help of
grey scale.
Printing: Styles of printing. Printing
thickeners including synthetic thickeners. Printing auxiliaries.
Printing of cotton with reactive dyes. Printing of wool, silk, nylon
with acid and metal complex dyes. Printing of polyester with disperse
dyes. Methods of dye fixation after printing. Resist and discharge
printing of cotton, silk and polyester. Printing of polyester/cotton
blends with disperse/reactive combination. Transfer printing of
polyester. Developments in inkjet printing.
Finishing: Mechanical finishing of cotton.
Stiff. Soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and
enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton. Milling, decatizing and
shrink resistant finishing of wool. Antistat finishing of synthetic
fibre fabrics. Heat setting of polyester.
Energy Conservation: Minimum application techniques.
Pollution: Environment pollution during chemical processing of textiles. Treatment of textile effluents.