Philosophy
Paper-I
History and Problems of Philosophy:
Plato and Aristotle: Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality. Rationalism
(Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz): Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge;
Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism. Kant:
Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time;
Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the
Existence of God.
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Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism Moore,
Russell and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of
Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols;
Picture Theory of Meaning; Saying and Showing. Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions. Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism. Existentialism
(Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice,
Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the –world and
Temporality. Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons. Carvaka : Theory of Knowledge; Rejection of Transcendent Entities. Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation. Schools of Buddhism: Pratityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada Nyaya-
Vaisesika: Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of
Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory
of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation. Samkhya: Prakrti; Purusa; Causation; Liberation Yoga: Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowledge Schools of Vedanta: Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avidya; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.
Paper-II
Socio-Political Philosophy
Social and Political Ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya. Individual and State: Rights; Duties and Accountability Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism. Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.
8. Development and Social Progress.
Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowernment. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar
Philosophy of Religion:
Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western). Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western). Problem of Evil. Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation. Reason, Revelation and Faith. Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western). Religion without God. Religion and Morality. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non- cognitive.
PhysicsPaper-I
1. (a) Mechanics of Particles:
Laws
of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to
rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a
central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields
and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical
bodies, Gauss and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy;
Two-body problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass
and laboratory reference frames.
(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies:
System
of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion;
Conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum;
Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid body; Degrees of freedom,
Euler’s theorem, angular velocity.
Angular
momentum, moments of inertia, theorems of parallel and perpendicular
axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid
bodies); Di and tri-atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top,
gyroscope.
(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media:
Elasticity,
Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their
inter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s
equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and applications.
(d) Special Relativity:
Michelson-Morley
experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations-length
contraction, time dilation, addition of relativistic velocities,
aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple
applications to a decay process; Four dimensional momentum vector;
Covariance of equations of physics.
2. Waves and Optics:
(a) Waves:
Simple
harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance;
Beats; Stationary waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and
group velocities; Reflection and Refraction from Huygens' principle.
(b) Geometrical Optics:
Laws
of reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle; Matrix method in
paraxial optics-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin
lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.
(c) Interference:
Interference
of light-Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin
films, Michelson interferometer; Multiple beam interference and
Fabry-Perot interferometer.
(d) Diffraction:
Fraunhofer
diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving
power; Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel
diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular aperture.
(e) Polarization and Modern Optics:
Production
and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double
refraction, quarter wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre
optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index
fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibres; Lasers-Einstein A and
B coefficients; Ruby and He-Ne lasers; Characteristics of laser
light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams;
Three-level scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple
applications.
3. Electricity and Magnetism:
(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:
Laplace
and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy
of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method
of images and its applications; Potential and field due to a dipole,
force and torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics,
polarization; Solutions to boundary-value problems-conducting and
dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell,
uniformly magnetized sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis,
energy loss.
(b) Current Electricity:
Kirchhoff's
laws and their applications; Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's
law, Lenz' law; Self-and mutual-inductances; Mean and r m s values in
AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components; Series and
parallel resonances; Quality factor; Principle of transformer.
(c) Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:
Displacement
current and Maxwell's equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting
theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor,
covariance of Maxwell's equations; Wave equations in isotropic
dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two
dielectrics; Fresnel's relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and
anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and
Planck’s radiation law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law
and Rayleigh-Jeans’ law.
4. Thermal and Statistical Physics:
(a) Thermodynamics:
Laws
of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy;
Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy
changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase rule and chemical
potential; van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical
constants; Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities,
transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit,
Einstein, and Debye's theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell
relations and applications; Clausius- Clapeyron equation; Adiabatic
demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.
(b) Statistical Physics:
Macro
and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann,
Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions, applications to specific
heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative
temperatures.
Paper-II
1. Quantum Mechanics:
Wave-particle
dualitiy; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty
principle; Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for a
free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a
finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by
a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three
dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals;
Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of
Pauli spin matrices.
2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:
Stern-Gerlach
experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom; L-S
coupling, J-J coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states.
Zeeman
effect; Frank-Condon principle and applications; Elementary theory of
rotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules;
Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy;
Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular
hydrogen ion in astronomy; Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary
theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb
shift and its significance.
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:
Basic
nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity,
magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications, mass
parabolas; Ground state of deuteron, magnetic moment and non-central
forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear
forces; Shell model of the nucleus - successes and limitations;
Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion;
Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear
reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars;
Nuclear reactors. Classification
of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws;
Quark structure of hadrons; Field quanta of electroweak and strong
interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of
neutrinos.
4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics:
Crystalline
and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space
groups; Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray
diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies; Band
theory of solids - conductors, insulators and semiconductors; Thermal
properties of solids, specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para
and ferromagnetism; Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect,
Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas about high
temperature superconductivity. Intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers
and oscillators; Op-amps; FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital
electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan's laws, logic gates and truth
tables; Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals
of microprocessors and digital computers.
Political Science and International Relations
Paper-I
Political Theory and Indian Politics:
Political Theory: meaning and approaches. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial and feminist. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques. Equality: Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; concept of Human Rights.
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Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy – representative, participatory and deliberative. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism. Indian
Political Thought : Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist
traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R.
Ambedkar, M.N. Roy .
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Psychology Paper-I
Foundations of Psychology
1. Introduction:
2. Methods of Psychology:
Types
of research: Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and prognostic;
Methods of Research: Survey, observation, case-study and experiments;
Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimental design,
Quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions, brain storming,
grounded theory approach.
3. Research Methods:
Major
steps in Psychological research (problem statement, hypothesis
formulation, research designs, sampling, tools of data collection,
analysis and interpretation and report writing) Fundamental versus
applied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation,
questionnaire); Research designs (ex-post facto and experimental);
Application of statistical technique (t - test, two way ANOVA
correlation, regression and factor analysis); Item response theory.
4. Development of Human Behaviour:
Growth
and development; Principles of development, Role of genetic and
environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Influence of
cultural factors in socialization; Life span development -
Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-being
across major stages of the life span.
5. Sensation, Attention and Perception:
Sensation:
concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds,
signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including
set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of
perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptual
organization-influence of past experiences, perceptual defence-factors
influencing space and depth perception, size estimation and perceptual
readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception;
Culture and perception, Subliminal perception.
6. Learning:
Concept
and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and Information
processing models); The Processes of extinction, discrimination and
generalization; Programmed learning, probability learning,
self-instructional learning, concepts; Types and the schedules of
reinforcement, escape, avoidance and punishment, modeling and social
learning.
7. Memory:
Encoding
and remembering; Short term memory, Long term memory, Sensory memory,
Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of
processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory;
Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure:
Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.
8. Thinking and Problem Solving:
Piaget’s
theory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes;
Information processing, Reasoning and problem solving, Facilitating and
hindering factors in problem solving, Methods of problem solving:
Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencing
decision making and judgment; Recent trends.
9. Motivation and Emotion:
10. Intelligence and Aptitude:
Concept
of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence -
Spearman, Thurstone, Gullford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P; Das; Emotional
Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and
aptitudes, concept of IQ, deviation IQ, constancy of IQ; Measurement of
multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized
intelligence.
11. Personality:
Definition
and concept of personality; Theories of personality (psychoanalytical,
socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic,
behaviouristic, trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality
(projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to
personality; Training for personality development; Latest approaches
like big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions.
12. Attitudes, Values and Interests:
Definition
of attitudes, values and interests; Components of attitudes; Formation
and maintenance of attitudes; Measurement of attitudes, values and
interests; Theories of attitude change; Strategies for fostering
values; Formation of stereotypes and prejudices; Changing others
behaviour; Theories of attribution; Recent trends.
13. Language and Communication:
Human
language - Properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy, Language
acquisition-predisposition, critical period hypothesis; Theories of
language development - Skinner and Chomsky; Process and types of
communication - effective communication training.
14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology:
Computer
application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing;
Artificial intelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of
consciousness-sleep-wake schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation,
meditation, hypnotic/drug induced states; Extrasensory perception;
Intersensory perception Simulation studies.
Paper-II
Psychology: Issues and Applications
1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences:
2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders:
Concept
of health-ill health; Positive health, well being; Causal factors in
mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and
delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse
disorders); Factors influencing positive health, well being, life style
and quality of life; Happiness disposition.
3. Therapeutic Approaches:
4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour:
Personnel
selection and training; Use of psychological tests in the industry;
Training and human resource development; Theories of work motivation –
Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom;
Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing;
Stress and its management; Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial
effectiveness; Transformational leadership; Sensitivity training; Power
and politics in organizations.
5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field:
Psychological
principles underlying effective teaching-learning process; Learning
styles; Gifted, retarded, learning disabled and their training;
Training for improving memory and better academic achievement;
Personality development and value education, Educational, vocational
guidance and career counseling; Use of psychological tests in
educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes.
6. Community Psychology:
7. Rehabilitation Psychology:
Primary,
secondary and tertiary prevention programmes-role of psychologists;
Organising of services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and
socially challenged persons including old persons, Rehabilitation of
persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal
behaviour; Rehabilitation of victims of violence, Rehabilitation of
HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.
8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups:
The
concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation; Social, physical, cultural and
economic consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups; Educating
and motivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative and
prolonged deprivation.
9. Psychological problems of social integration:
The
concept of social integration; The problem of caste, class, religion
and language conflicts and prejudice; Nature and manifestation of
prejudice between the in-group and out-group; Causal factors of social
conflicts and prejudices; Psychological strategies for handling the
conflicts and prejudices; Measures to achieve social integration.
10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media:
11. Psychology and Economic development:
Achievement
motivation and economic development; Characteristics of entrepreneurial
behaviour; Motivating and training people for entrepreneurship and
economic development; Consumer rights and consumer awareness,
Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among youth
including women entrepreneurs.
12. Application of psychology to environment and related fields:
13. Application of psychology in other fields:
Military Psychology
psychological
tests for defence personnel for use in selection, Training, counseling;
training psychologists to work with defence personnel in promoting
positive health; Human engineering in defence. Sports Psychology
Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and Team Games. Media influences on pro and antisocial behaviour. Psychology of terrorism.
14. Psychology of Gender:
Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling effect, Self fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian society
Public Administration1. Introduction:
Meaning,
scope and significance of Public Administration; Wilson’s vision of
Public Administration; Evolution of the discipline and its present
status; New Public Administration; Public Choice approach; Challenges
of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance:
concept and application; New Public Management.
2. Administrative Thought:
Scientific
Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory;
Weber’s bureaucratic model – its critique and post-Weberian
Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human
Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive
(C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative
Management (R. Likert, C.Argyris, D.McGregor).
3. Administrative Behaviour:
4. Organisations:
Theories
– systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and
Departments, Corporations, Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc
and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory
Authorities; Public - Private Partnerships.
5. Accountability and control:
Concepts
of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and Judicial
control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media,
interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s
Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.
6. Administrative Law:
7. Comparative Public Administration:
8. Development Dynamics:
9. Personnel Administration:
Importance
of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career
advancement, position classification, discipline, performance
appraisal, promotion, pay and service conditions; employer-employee
relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct;
Administrative ethics.
10. Public Policy:
Models
of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation,
planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their
limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.
11. Techniques of Administrative Improvement:
Organisation
and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and
information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis,
MIS, PERT, CPM.
12. Financial Administration:
Paper - II
Indian Administration
1. Evolution of Indian Administration:
Kautilya’s
Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics
and administration - Indianization of public services, revenue
administration, district administration, local self-government.
2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of government:
3. Public Sector Undertakings:
4. Union Government and Administration:
Executive,
Parliament, Judiciary - structure, functions, work processes; Recent
trends; Intragovernmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime
Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departments;
Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.
5. Plans and Priorities:
Machinery
of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission
and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of
plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments
(1992) and decentralized planning for economic development and social
justice.
6. State Government and Administration:
7. District Administration since Independence:
8. Civil Services:
Constitutional
position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity-building; Good
governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff
associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil
service neutrality; Civil service activism.
9. Financial Management:
10. Administrative Reforms since Independence:
11. Rural Development:
12. Urban Local Government:
Municipal
governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th
Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism;
Development dynamics, politics and administration with special
reference to city management.
13. Law and Order Administration:
14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:
Sociology Paper - I
Fundamentals of Sociology
A. Sociology - The Discipline:
Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology. Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences. Sociology and common sense.
B. Sociology as Science:
Science, scientific method and critique. Major theoretical strands of research methodology. Positivism and its critique.
Fact value and objectivity. Non- positivist methodologies.
C. Research Methods and Analysis:
Qualitative and quantitative methods. Techniques of data collection. Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.
D. Sociological Thinkers:
Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle. Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society. Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Talcolt Parsons- Social system, pattern variables. Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups Mead - Self and identity.
E. Stratification and Mobility:
Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory. Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race. Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.
F. Works and Economic Life:
Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudal society, industrial /capitalist society. Formal and informal organization of work Labour and society.
G. Politics and Society:
Sociological theories of power Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties. Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology. Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.
H. Religion and Society:
Sociological theories of religion. Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults. Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.
I. Systems of Kinship:
Family, household, marriage. Types and forms of family. Lineage and descent Patriarchy and sexual division of labour Contemporary trends.
J. Social Change in Modern Society:
Sociological theories of social change. Development and dependency. Agents of social change. Education and social change. Science, technology and social change.
Paper - II
Indian Society: Structure and Change
A. Introducing Indian Society:
Perspectives on the study of Indian society: Indology (GS. Ghurye). Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas). Marxist sociology ( A R Desai).
Impact of colonial rule on Indian society : Social background of Indian nationalism. Modernization of Indian tradition.
Protests and movements during the colonial period. Social reforms
B. Social Structure:
Rural and Agrarian Social Structure: The idea of Indian village and village studies- Agrarian social structure - evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.
Caste System: Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille. Features of caste system. Untouchability - forms and perspectives
Tribal communities in India: Definitional problems. Geographical spread. Colonial policies and tribes. Issues of integration and autonomy.
Social Classes in India: Agrarian class structure. Industrial class structure. Middle classes in India.
Systems of Kinship in India: Lineage and descent in India. Types of kinship systems. Family and marriage in India. Household dimensions of the family. Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.
Religion and Society: Religious communities in India. Problems of religious minorities.
C. Social Changes in India:
Visions of Social Change in India: Idea of development planning and mixed economy. Constitution, law and social change. Education and social change.
Rural and Agrarian transformation in India: Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes. Green revolution and social change. Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture . Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.
Industrialization and Urbanisation in India: Evolution of modern industry in India. Growth of urban settlements in India. Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization. Informal sector, child labour Slums and deprivation in urban areas.
Politics and Society: Nation, democracy and citizenship. Political parties, pressure groups , social and political elite. Regionalism and decentralization of power. Secularization
Social Movements in Modern India: Peasants and farmers movements. Women’s movement. Backward classes & Dalit movement. Environmental movements. Ethnicity and Identity movements.
Population Dynamics: Population size, growth, composition and distribution. Components of population growth: birth, death, migration. Population policy and family planning. Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.
Challenges of Social Transformation: Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability. Poverty, deprivation and inequalities. Violence against women. Caste conflicts. Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism. Illiteracy and disparities in education.
Statistics |
1. Probability:
Sample
space and events, probability measure and probability space, random
variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random
variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability
mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random
variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic
independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments
of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a
sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th
mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations,
Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine‘s weak law of large numbers,
strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroff’s theorems, probability
generating function, moment generating function, characteristic
function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit
theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.
2. Statistical Inference:
Consistency,
unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary
statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution
and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU)
estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao
inequality for single parameter. Estimation by methods of moments,
maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square and modified
minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other
estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions,
loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators. Non-randomised
and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson
lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, similar and unbiased
tests, UMPU tests for single parameter likelihood ratio test and its
asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests. Kolmogoroff’s
test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its
optimality. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and its consistency,
Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney
test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality. Wald’s
SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions for tests regarding
parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential
distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.
3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:
Linear
statistical models’, theory of least squares and analysis of variance,
Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and
their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on
least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data,
regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and
orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial
correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components,
multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis-D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.
4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:
An
outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches,
distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability
sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement,
stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy ,
cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and
regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary
variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size
sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the
Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with
reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors. Fixed
effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models
(two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD
and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality
and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and 2n and 32,
confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice
designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test.
Paper-II
1. Industrial Statistics:
Process
and product control, general theory of control charts, different types
of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c
charts, cumulative sum chart. Single, double, multiple and sequential
sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of
producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, Sampling plans for
variables, Use of Dodge-Roming tables. Concept
of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of
series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal
density and renewal function, Failure models: exponential, Weibull,
normal , lognormal. Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.
2. Optimization Techniques:
Different
types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general
methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of
linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical
solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the
M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its
economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and
assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games,
methods of solution (graphical and algebraic). Replacement
of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement
policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical
structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and
stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with
particular reference to dam type. Homogeneous
discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix,
classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous
continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing
theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues. Solution of statistical problems on computers using well-known statistical software packages like SPSS.
3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:
Determination
of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests
for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of
autoregressive and moving average components, forecasting. Commonly
used index numbers-Laspeyre's, Paasche's and Fisher's ideal index
numbers, chain-base index number, uses and limitations of index
numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer prices,
agricultural production and industrial production, test for index
numbers - proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular . General
linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares
methods of estimation, problem of multicollinearity, consequences and
solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences,
heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for
independence of disturbances, concept of structure and model for
simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order
conditions of identifiability, two-stage least square method of
estimation. Present official
statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture,
industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of
official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal
publications containing such statistics, various official agencies
responsible for data collection and their main functions.
4. Demography and Psychometry:
Demographic
data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations
and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios,
measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized
death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life
tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables,
logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve,
population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population,
techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard
classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital
statistics. Methods of
standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores,
T-scores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement
and uses, validity and reliability of test scores and its
determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.
Zoology
Paper – I
A. Non-chordata and Chordata:
Classification
and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and
Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status
of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry. Protozoa:
Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life
history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium and Leishmania. Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction. Cnidaria:
Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and
their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of
Obelia and Aurelia.
Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms. Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris and Wuchereria. Annelida:
Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features
and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach. Arthropoda:
Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in
arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts
in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly);
metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, social behaviour
of Apis and termites. Mollusca:
Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of
Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods. Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life history of Asterias. Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania. Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration. Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis. Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles. Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration. Mammalia:
Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals,
pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands
(pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their
interrelationships. Comparative
functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and
its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system,
respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic
arches, urino-genital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).
B. Ecology:
Biosphere:
Concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced
changes in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological
succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology. Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation. Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization. Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources. Wildlife of India. Remote sensing for sustainable development. Environmental biodegradation, pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.
C. Ethology:
Behaviour: Sensory filtering, reponsiveness, sign stimuli, learning and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting. Role
of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis,
predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates,
social organization in insects. Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms. Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and altruism.
D. Economic Zoology:
Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture. Major
infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis,
cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention. Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminthes) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys). Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae). Transgenic animals. Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy. Forensic biotechnology.
E. Biostatistics:
Designing
of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution
and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test
(one-way & two-way F-test).
F. Instrumentation Methods:
Spectrophotometer,
phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultra
centrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome
painting. Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).
A. Cell Biology:
Structure
and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane,
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and
lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and
mitotic apparatus, chromosome movements, chromosome type polytene and
lambrush, organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle
regulation. Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein foldings and transport.
B. Genetics:
Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic code. Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and man.
Mendel’s
laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics
of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man. Mutations and mutagenesis. Recombinant
DNA technology; plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors,
transgenic, DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and
methods). Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences. RFLP,
RAPD and AFLP and application of RFLP in DNA finger printing, ribozyme
technologies, human genome project, genomics and protomics.
C. Evolution:
Theories of origin of life. Theories
of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutations in evolution,
evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation
and speciation. Evolution of horse, elephant and man using fossil data. Hardy-Weinberg Law. Continental drift and distribution of animals.
D. Systematics:
Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.
E. Biochemistry:
Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics. Glycolysis
and Kreb cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation,
energy conservation and release, ATP cycle, cyclic AMP – its structure
and role. Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions. Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action. Vitamins and co-enzymes Immunoglobulin and immunity.
F. Physiology (with special reference to mammals):
Composition
and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man, factors
and mechanism of coagulation, iron metabolism, acid-base balance,
thermo-regulation, anticoagulants. Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands. Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory product Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles. Neuron: nerve impulse – its conduction and synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters. Vision, hearing and olfaction in man. Physiology of reproduction, puberty and menopause in human.
G. Developmental Biology:
Gametogenesis;
spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo
capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization,
morphogenesis and morphogen, blastogenesis, establishment of body axes
formation, fate map, gestulation in frog and chick; genes in
development in chick, homeotic genes, development of eye and heart,
placenta in mammals. Cell
lineage, cell-to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis,
role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, paedogenesis
and neoteny, cell death, aging. Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, cloning. Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare. Biogenetic law.
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